Alfieri Tells the Audience ‘Justice Is Very Important Here’. Essay

By stating in his opening speech of the play ‘Justice is very important here,’ Alfieri opens the audiences minds to relate justice back to all the events in the book that occur. Throughout the play Arthur Miller shows the importance of justice mainly through Eddie and Marco’s behavior, building up to Eddies tragic death. Through Alfieri’s first speech, Miller allows the audience to acknowledge that in America they ‘settle for half. ’ This is explaining the way that Eddie sees justice, but also how Marco, who is from Sicily, would see justice and these differences. This quotation is implying that whatever justice means to the Americans it means more to the Italians. This is foreshadowing the end of the play as it links to Marcos thirst for revenge on Eddie. At the end of Act One, Miller subtly suggests the idea of justice through Marcos defensiveness over his brother and also Eddie’s actions towards Rodolfo. After Eddie hits Rodolfo the audience gets the feeling that he feels this is justice for Rodolfo leading Catherine away from the life Eddie wanted her to have. This is emphasised by Eddie’s use of the word ‘Danish’ to describe Rodolfo. By using this as a nickname Miller is trying to access the point that Eddie is trying to isolate Rodolfo from the Italian community and also their family. The true sense of justice in this scene however, comes from Marco who ‘raises the chair over his head’. This is a clear sense of warning implied by Marco, which is clearly registered by Eddie, ‘Eddies grin vanished. ’ This, to Marco, is a feeling of justice coming to Eddie for trying to make either him of his brother feel like they don’t belong. While also foreshadowing what will happen at the end of Act 2. Miller highlights justice as one of the most important things in Eddie’s life. However, he leads the audience to enquire whether Eddie’s desires are truly ‘just’. What Eddie wants is his honour and his name but also Catherine. ‘Marcos got my name. ’ He also wants his respect back from Marco, which he has completely lost by the actions his inappropriate feelings for Catherine have caused him to take. In the structure of a Greek tragedy that Miller is trying to create Eddie plays the protagonist. It is his conflict between his good quality’s and the gradually rise of his bad ones that force the drama forwards with both Eddie and Marcos need for justice. The  importance of justice shown in the play comes to a drama filled end with Marco finally getting the justice he believes he deserves. The end of this play was foreshadowed when Marco stated, ‘all the law is not in a book. ’ By saying this Miller has implied to the audience that Marco believes it is his duty to bring Eddie’s life to an end, ‘in my country he would be dead by now. ’ He also brings in the claim felt by Marco of natural justice and how by disregarding the respect Marco feels for Rodolfo, ‘my brother, my blood,’ Eddie has lead himself in to the situation where he is nothing more than an ‘animal’ who deserves to die. In conclusion, throughout the play Miller implies the theme of justice as the most prominent and important theme of the play. It is one of the only things Marco and Eddie have in common, in the way that they both search for it and in the end it finished with Eddie dead and Marco being sent back to Italy. In the final scene Miller shows the audience that though you may gain the justice you sought out for like Marco, ‘Eddie falls to his knees before Marco,’ it may be the thing that leads to a characters downfall, in which it did with both Eddie and Marco at the end of this play.

Language Development Essay

The role of Language Development and its relationship to problematic behavior is pioneered by Stevenson et al (1985) as cited from Douglas (1989, p. 6-7) Michigan Non Profit Organization (p. 7). The study revealed that children who appears to have poor language capabilities at 3 years of age has a high degree of probability to express â€Å"neurotic behaviors† when he or she turns to 8. In relation with this, the study of Starte 1975 and Richman et al (1982) as cited from Douglas (1989) claims that one of the main reasons for poor language development may have been caused by poor act language stimulation and interaction at the household. As such, children with language disabilities find it hard to relate with people and in the long run develop challenging behaviors. Corollary with this problem is the issue of hearing loss among children in addition to their language delay. Such a disposition as claimed by Douglas has added a lot on the tendency of the child to develop challenging behaviors. What usually happens is that children get frustrated when their parents or other people simply can not understand what they want to happen. The improper functioning of their language capability and hearing has caused for misunderstanding amongst adults. In addition, traumatic brain injuries that resulted from accidents may also cause challenging behavior (Loenthal, 1998 as cited from Michigan Non Profit Organization, 2002, p. 7).

Globalised Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Globalised Education - Essay Example It is a process in which both the teacher and learner learns, developing transferable skills and knowledge that can be applied to competitive markets where knowledge and information are being traded as a commodity. Means like computers and internet, have a given a new face to the process of education. The globalised education had brought up many issues also while evolving as a lifelong learning and training process, and the poster strives to reflect these aspects. The significance of the poster is that it focuses on the importance of globalised education. Especially the quote *"Students cannot be effective in tomorrow's world if they are trained in yesterday's skills" is noteworthy in that it emphasizes the role of globalised education in moulding the future generation. (Francis, et al. 2000). The poster intends to promulgate the idea that for a better, result -oriented future, the teaching and learning process should be built on a global consideration. To establish a balanced impression, the poster also endeavours to provide a critical view of globalised education by drawing the attention of the viewers towards the disadvantages of globalised learning.

Exchange rate regime in Kazakhstan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Exchange rate regime in Kazakhstan - Essay Example Kazakhstan has achieved highest economic growth rate amongst its sister countries during 2001-2008.It reached annual GDP of as high as 9.8 percent in 2000 and over 8.5 percent in 2007.Primary resources of higher revenues include: natural gas, oil, zinc, and copper (USAID, 2008, p.3).This paper explores Kazakhstans exchange rate regime over a period of time. Pegging Tenge against US dollar, Kazakhstan opted for an unsanctioned policy of a â€Å"soft† fixed rate regime in 1993.Soft exchange rate regime as compared to stringent regime refer to a regime that repositions the value of its domestic currency more frequently. Tenge’s initial value was fixed at the rate of T5 for every US dollar. Par value indicates the rate on which the domestic government agrees to defend its own currency in order to keep the fixed ratio between domestic and foreign currency (Burke, 2009).According to Begg, Fischer, and Dornbusch, the commitment to fixed exchange rate may built private sector’s trust on government when it comes to creating inflation, as it only makes the country uncompetitive (2003, p.484). In fixed regime, the government agrees to maintain its domestic currency’s value at a fixed rate. The Tenge is convertible, Central Bank of Kazakhstan is able to sell and buy in order to maintain the exchange rate equilibrium (Burke, 2009).Burke (2009) further explains that the Tenge is overvalued as compared to the US dollar. Under fixed exchange rate regime, devaluation means decline in the nominal exchange rate between Tenge and US dollar. However, Blanchard (2006, pp.380-383) warns that devaluation of the nominal exchange rate directs to real depreciation. Instant impact of currency devaluation appears in declining real exchange rate and enhancing the country’s competitiveness. It allows reallocating the resources in order to support domestic industries

Cost-Benefit Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cost-Benefit Analysis - Research Paper Example with the government departments that commits prisoners and then pay the company a monthly rate per every prisoner confined in the detention center (Logan, 1997). This essay will provide a cost-effective analysis of prison privatization, whereby all its benefits will be identified and added, together with the negatives and the costs. The differences between the two will then be figured out to determine whether the idea is advisable. According to William (1996), the arguments both in favor of the privatization of prisons and against it are based on the issue of money. While some opponents are of the idea that privatizing prison facilities will reduce the costs of running them at the federal and state levels, its opponents feel that it will lead to a lack of qualified staff or security, poor ground and building maintenance, and the possibility of delays in notifying the community in case of a prison break. One of the most visible benefits of the privatization of prisons is that it solves the problem of overcrowding and space. Should a state transfer some prisoners to a private detention center, it will create room for more prisoners in the state prisons, or the correct amount of space for the prisoners already in the private prison. This can save funds on supplies bought to support the current prisoner population, and can also reduce potential violence since it eases the living tensions experienced in most prison s. However, should the private company running the private facility go bankrupt, to could lead to its closure, potentially releasing violent prisoners prematurely (William, 1996). Another benefit of prison privatization is that it assists in budget predictions. When a state works with a private facility, it can set the limit on the number of inmates in their own facilities, thus enabling a more accurate prediction of the total cost of supporting an inmate daily. This can be beneficial during budget analysis and predictions, or when asking for grants from the

What was the Western new imperialism, and how did it develop Essay

What was the Western new imperialism, and how did it develop - Essay Example The western countries depended upon African and Asian countries for raw material and colonization was a means to access and exploit the rare and precious commodities of the colonies. Apart from this, for some imperialists, the motive behind imperialism was to spread Christianity, or Western ethics, laws and culture around the world; for others, it was the precious commodities of Asian and African countries and golden chances for investment. For some, it was merely for personal or national glory or a strategic advancement. 1 â€Å"In short, British and French motives were characteristic of the medley of motives that constituted late nineteenth- and early twentieth century European imperialism.† (Fieldhouse 341) The three leading imperialists: Great Britain, France and Germany had their respective motives and interests in establishing their imperialism. Germany wished to defeat the rising socialism in the country and to prove that it was equal to the British by acquiring its own empire. Great Britain had the most advanced maritime technology that enabled it to expand its empire. France, having defeated by Germany in 1871 needed to restore its international standing, which was achieved by imperial expansion in Africa and Southeast Asia.2 In February 1885, the main European powers who were actively vying for control of large parts of Africa signed the Berlin Act which formalized the process for the partition of Africa. France, Germany, Britain and Portugal all had interests in West Africa and the Act provided the guidelines by which each then proceeded to define their territories.3 Thus western new imperialism was greatly facilitated by the technological advancement in the development of machinery, railways, roads, steam-ships, factories and global trade. The weak political structures and their internal conflicts in Asian and African countries made them vulnerable to the new imperialism. The long term

Analysis of Marketing Mix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of Marketing Mix - Research Paper Example This includes increasing the number of products in the market while maintaining quality and low production costs. Product development ranges from identifying customer need to designing activities that analyze and refine new ideas. These ideas bring about new products or refine existing products. Unique, high quality and affordable products give a business an advantage over competitors (Brassington and Pettitt, 2005). Beauty for price Hairdressing has faced steep competition from similar businesses in the region. Product development requires intense marketing, especially in a competitive industry. Investing in marketing involves advertising, employing human marketers, promotions, and other activities that sell out the business. With the upcoming events, the salon needs intense marketing and reorganizing the business process. This includes buying better hairdressing equipment and employing more hairdressers. Human resource is necessary for service delivery. Events such as sports and co nferences have several participants and more workers are required to handle the large numbers effectively. Employing experts improves the quality of services offered which surpass competing businesses. Introduction of new business services such as massage, manicure, pedicure, and other related services can also increase the number of customers (Adcock, Halborg and Ross, 2001). Businesses distribute their products in different ways to provide customer convenience. Distribution methods depend on the type of business and its intended customers. Global companies have distribution centers in several regions around the globe. Products are dispatched from the distribution center nearest to the customer (Jobber, 2010). This reduces distribution cost and time required for the product to reach the customer. Retailers incorporate several distribution methods that focus on customer satisfaction at a minimum cost. Efficient and pleasurable shopping experiences that meet customer needs and market demands are required by business organizations. Most customers prefer businesses providing quality and convenient services. A salon can introduce mobile services to its customers. During major events, most participants reside in hotels and prefer room services. Starting mobile room services would serve as a boost to business activities (Jones Mothersbaugh and Beatty, 2003). E-commerce and advertising through the internet is another way of ensuring the availability of products. Customers can access the business website to learn about their services and book appointments. The distribution channel in a hairdressing business consists of wholesalers who sell and supply products to the salon. The salon then uses the products to offer services to customers. Maintaining a constant link with suppliers is necessary for constant availability of products for customer convenience. The business location also determines customer convenience. Customers prefer business locations that are easily acc essible.  Ã‚  

Why rebalancing could be a huge mistake Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why rebalancing could be a huge mistake - Article Example Likewise, as a stock market rises, the commensurate rate at which bonds will be available will be reduced; furthering the investment potential of the individual investor. Conversely, the author also indicates that during a declining stock market, the investor should seek to purchase stocks; with the assumption that they will be available at a reduced rate. In order to facilitate this, bonds can of course be sold as they will necessarily command a higher premium during such a time. Essentially, the author found no indication that rebalancing reduced risk over the long term. Naturally, the broader question that deserves to be answered is whether or not rebalancing is capable of reducing risk over the short term; and to this the author indicates that it does indeed. However, for the investor that is interested in maintaining an appropriate ratio of stocks to bonds and maximizing their earnings over a period of time, specifically with an interest in retirement savings, the act of rebalancing more than once per year is not backed by the research. Essentially, the author provided three distinct levels of advice within the article in question. The first of these is with respect to rebalancing a maximum of once per year. Secondly, the author indicates that subsequent rebalance is of a portfolio present diminishing returns of the long run; however they are capable of providing short-term benefits that is in fact the approach that the investor wishes to take. Finally, the author indicates that the long-standing tradition of understanding long-term investments as paramount to short-term gains is something that should be recognized with respect to the issue of rebalancing and whether or not stocks and bonds should be purchased for reconsidered during a particular market trend. Naturally, the desire to seek to avail oneself available opportunity encourages

Art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art history - Essay Example The museum can be used for academic purposes for major academic resources to reinforce data and documents on relevant subjects. Thus, its importance lies in the fact that students, teachers, professors, art enthusiasts, archaeologists, and historians can utilize the museum for some exploration of knowledge that would aid research. The museum can likewise provide entertainment and knowledge to tourists who decide to visit it. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is located in New York City and was designed by Richard Morris in 1895 after being founded in 1870 by a group of civic leaders, philanthropists, and artists. The conception of the museum began in 1866 when a group of Americans gathered at a restaurant in Paris, France to celebrate the American Independence Day on that Fourth of July. They came up with a proposition to establish a national institution and gallery of art and convinced American civic leaders, art collectors, and philanthropists to participate in the project. In 870, the Metropolitan Museum of Art was finally established which was housed in two different locations in New York City. The first was in 681 Fifth Avenue which was later moved to 128 West 14th Street.1 It includes European paintings on display, an unparalleled Egyptian gallery, and Asian art, sculpture, photography, and armory in its more than 1.5 million square feet of exhibition space. More than 2 million works of art are kept in the museum, spanning 5,000 years of culture from different parts of the world and from different historical periods.2 The aim and thrust of the museum is to educate the public and cultivate a high standard of artistic taste. The museum does not merely aim to establish a great collection of art objects, but to pursue and develop the study of the fine arts. The inspiring thought it carries is â€Å"Art for humanity’s sake.†3 The New York City owns and

When will they run out Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

When will they run out - Essay Example Scientists predict that no sooner than later people will start getting badly affected by floods, extreme temperatures, climate changes and lack of water and food. Human population will increase by 50% by 2050 and we know that human activities greatly affect the climate changes thus causing global warming. For example, human induced developmental activities in factories and industries lead to emission of toxic and greenhouse gases thus increasing the earth’s average temperature (see Figure 2). Ehrlich and Ehrlich state that â€Å"Global warming, acid rain, depletion of the ozone layer, vulnerability to epidemics, and exhaustion of soils and ground-water are all†¦related to population size.† This leads to planet un-sustainability because crop failures and AIDS will lead to many premature deaths in the coming years which will be a natural measure of population control. Since our planet’s natural resources are already being over-consumed, the increasing populati on will naturally cause global warming because too many people consume carbon-based energy. We use energy to exist, develop and grow. Energy makes our lives simpler for us. The energy industry produces for us heat, light and force. Since our needs are not going to get fewer in the next twenty years, therefore, as Taylor and Parish (viii) state, â€Å"By all accounts, the energy sector will be the growth industry of the future.† They also state that â€Å"The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that the United States will need 44 percent more electricity by 2020.† This is because the demand will increase since the country’s economy and every other field is digitally driven. Today, computers and all other technological tools take around 13% of electricity produced and this is going to increase in the coming years. Also, since internet has become a significant source of telecommunication in all informational and entertainment activities, the demand of energy will continue to increase. Renewable energy

Hris Replacement Essay Example for Free

Hris Replacement Essay Cost Plan Part of project management is the estimation of the project cost. The budget can be derived from the project plan by looking at the following criteria (Marchewka, 2009): * estimated duration of activities, * resources identified and assigned to tasks, and * wages and overtime rate for resources. In addition to hard numbers resource leveling is important. Resource leveling helps with accurately planning a project and will help identify if people are scheduled to have more work than hours in a day. Having too much work assigned to one person is a risk to the project. Figure 2 Riordan Budget Report illustrates the Riordan HRIS replacement project budget based on the resources allocated to tasks in the project plan. The budget report will be monitored weekly at the beginning of the project and daily as the project progresses. Additional cost factors such as material, facility cost, insurance, and other administrative costs will be added to the project budget cost to establish the overall project budget. Figure 2 Riordan Budget Report Performance Measurement It is important to not only to establish critical tasks and sub-tasks, but also to identify a means to measure current progress against estimated progress. Without a clear understanding of where the project is in regards to the timeline management is unable to identify potential trouble spots and delays that can drive up costs and derail the project. What Is Performance Measurement The U. S. General Accounting Office (GAO) provides the following definition of Performance Measurement: â€Å"Performance measurement is the ongoing monitoring and reporting of program accomplishments, particularly progress towards pre-established goals. It is typically conducted by program or agency management. Performance measures may address the type or level of program activities conducted (process), the direct products and services delivered by a program (outputs), and/or the results of those products and services (outcomes). A program† may be any activity, project, function, or policy that has an identifiable purpose or set of objectives. †(Performance-Based Management Special Interest Group [(PBM SIG)], 2001, p. 3). When undergoing a project or process there must be a method in place to judge or measure the progress and outcome, which will allow management to make intelligent decisions. Performance Measurement delivers that data management requires by applying a method of evaluating progress toward accomplishing predetermined goals, including information on the efficiency with which resources are transformed into goods and services (PM Solutions Center for Business Practices, 2005). Performance Measurement vs. Value Measurement In measuring performance, program management is trying to gather information to help them make decisions to affect change that, with any luck, will improve that performance. For example, project performance measures are initiated to provide crucial information to managers in order to provide purpose and direction over the project. Those measures must be pertinent and applicable to the organizational level that can immediately effect change based on information it learns in order to control the performance of the project. In measuring value, you are trying to demonstrate that decisions you made to implement change, through project management improvement initiatives, has indeed added value to the organization. This is actually measuring value rather than performance, which may not be the same. While improved performance can be translated into value, value measurement, provide information on the performance of the organization rather than performance of the project. Riordan Project Performance Measures Measurement Construct The Measurement Construct utilized in the Riordan Project is based on the adherence to estimate. Accurate project estimation is crucial in keeping project costs down and stakeholders happy. The Key Performance Indicator project managers want to minimize is expressed by the formula [(E-A)/E], where E = estimated Value to complete project and A = actual Value used to complete project. Project managers can substitute any value into the equation, such as hours or cost, to determine adherence to estimate. This will allow the project management team to spot trends early on during the project and then make the necessary adjustments. To better illustrate this concept figure 2 depicts the subtasks identified as Milestones. The project management has estimated the time required to complete the 1st phase of the project (Project Preparation) would require 10 days. Completion of the phase is signaled by the development of the Statement Of Works. The project management team could measure the performance of the project resources or team members by comparing the actual time required to complete the Milestone against the estimated time to complete the Milestone. Figure 3 Milestones Figure 2 depicts that the estimated time to complete phase 1 was 10 days. If the actual time required to complete phase 1 was recorded at 12. 5 days the performance measure would be as follows: [(10-12. 5)/12. 5]= -20% This value describes a value of -20% of efficiency of the performance of this task. Ideally the task performance would be 0%; the milestone would have been completed within the time estimated during the project inception. While many may feel it is better to come in under the original estimate, the goal is to optimize resources and organizational assets throughout the project. Over committing assets and resources on one project may have undesirable effects in other areas of the organization. The key is to have exactly the required assets and resources available when required and only when required. Project Baseline The project baseline is set when all of the details for the planned project are set. The project baseline in MS Project ® is set by selecting View Gantt Chart Tools Tracking Set Baseline Entire Project (eHow, 2011). The Riordan HRIS replacement project baseline is illustrated in Figure 3 Riordan HRIS Project Baseline Illustration. Figure 4 Riordan HRIS Project Baseline Illustration Evaluation Figure 5 Riordan HRIS Replacement Tracking Sheet Risk Analysis Reporting Project Evaluation and Reporting takes a key role in the process and collection of project information for all members involved in the project to track changes, maintain budgetary requirements, and complete objectives on-time. â€Å"Monitoring the progress of the project allows you to adapt the program as needed to ensure that you attain your objectives.

Critical Evaluation Of The Operations Management

Critical Evaluation Of The Operations Management The essay is about to critical evaluate the operations management strategy of Hard Rock Cafà © as described in the case materials, and discuss the operations management challenges as well as the opportunities when Hard Rock Cafà © considering expand their business in Hanoi-Vietnam. In the essay, textbook, internet, academic researches will be mentioned to support the critical evaluates operations management, challenges and opportunities issues. According to Heizer el at., (2011), Operations management is defined as any activities that relate to the creation of goods and services through the transformation of inputs and outputs, while operation managers play an important role in the management process. The management process contains planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. (Heizer el at., 2011). In the case materials provided, we will evaluate 10 critical decisions of Operations managements which are goods and service design, managing quality, process and capacity design, location strategy, layout strategy, HR and job design, supply-chain management, inventory, scheduling and last decision is maintenance to see whether how well Hard Rock cafà © applied these decisions in their operation management (Heizer el at., 2011). We will evaluate few decisions amongst those 10 decisions to let people have a broad view of how Hard Rock Cafà © applies these decisions to operate their business. For goods and service design, what services/products should Cafà © give to customers? That is very important issue to Hard Rock Management. As weve known, Hard Rock is in hospitality industry. If they provide products/services wrongly, it would lead the company to bankrupt. Follow the Hard Rock case study, due to the global economic changes, differences in business law, a lot of risk factors that make Hard Rock Cafà © changes from global Strategy into multi-domestic strategy. Multi-domestic strategy is a strategy that companies in each market makes their operating decisions independently of others oversea markets (http://tutor2u.net). In here, company decided to franchise a large number of their cafes by joining with opened cafà © such as in Manchester and Birmingham, which try to attract local residents involve in their business due to this place is not a common place for tourist, where people in here are quite conservative. This decision would make them to redesign their goods and services to meet with the local taste. Differences country would have different cultural, languages, business practices. For example: Hard Rock cafà © in Kuwait would need to change their menus because they cant eat pork. All products are related to pork are prohibited as well as alcohol while in US where people can eat pork, drink alcohol with no restriction due to difference religions and law as well ( Muslim in Kuwait and mainly Catholic, Protestant, Buddhism in US). (http://www.hardrock.com) Another issue is managing quality. Base on Rose el at., (2005), management quality is looked at 4 issues: quality planning, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement. Hard Rock Cafà © has been focused on quality control and improvement by survey. It has been done regularly with rate from 1 to 7. If the score is not reached score 7 that mean the foods and services will be reviewed. The company has changed their menus to match with local taste as well as upgrade their menu. They are not only focus on their traditional food such as hamburgers and beefs but also look for high class of food like fishes, lobsters. Although customers go to Hard Rock Cafà © because they love music, atmosphere, environment, that is the main reason but high quality of food which show in menus would be value-added to Hard Rock Cafà © reputation and make customers come again. Cianfrani el at., (2009) told that: Quality management could change some of the management principles. This can help t op level management to increase the companys performance as well as satisfy the customers need. This issue is very important for the company which they are strongly focused on customer because most of the Hard Rock Cafà © customers are tourists while a minority is a local resident (Heizer el at., 2011). When the company changes their services/products, they also need to think of their existing supply chain management. Mentzer et al., (2001) stated that: Supply chain management is seen as a mechanism to maintain competition in domestic markets, in light of increasing global competition. The company chooses to upgrade their menu that would restructure their supply chain management because they will need new suppliers as well as maybe eliminate some old suppliers. Hard Rock Cafà © does not want too much on beefs and hamburgers; they want to add more expensive stuff such as fishes and lobsters which would attract a wider range of customers as well as lift the level of Hard Rock Cafà © one step higher. Top level managements also need to consider on the distribution network of new suppliers. Where are their warehouses, distribution centers, number of networking, who are their customers? What are payment terms? Can they deliver goods then we play later or we need to play upfront before they delivery goods? All those things need to consider very careful because it will affect to the cost of the meal later on. If the warehouse of new supplier is too far, it would create a big problem when we run out of food to prepare meal for customers. Moreover, if the company has to make full payment before they deliver goods, it would be an issue to management level to consider because if we can pay them later in a certain day after we receive goods, that is so much better, we can use that money to do something else to make more money and pay the supplier later. Location for Hard Rock Cafà © would a big issue to consider when select the location. A lot of things would affect such as political risk, currency risk, social norms, brand fit, and business practices (Heizer el at., 2011). Political risk is defined as Probability of loss due to political instability in the buyers country that may result in cancellation of a license or otherwise affect the buyers ability to make payments. Political risks are insurable risks, and overlap with the political component of force majeure risks (http://www.businessdictionary.com). It is the main concern when choosing location. Thailand will be a good example. Recently, Thailand has a lot of strikes which would make investors worry. It will also affect tourist industry due to a lot of cancellation tour to Thailand during strike (http://www.thaipro.com). While business practice is another issue Hard Rock Cafà © need to concern. The regulatory framework in Thailand is quite good but whether it is put into p ractice is a different issue (http://www.reuters.com). The business environment in Thailand recently is going down. Corruption is increasing badly. If company wants to expand business in Thailand, this issue would be considering carefully while most of the businesses try to avoid bribing, they want to do clean business especially some companies come from developed countries such as United State, Australia. Maintenance would get involve as the strategy of Hard Rock Cafà © has changed to franchise with opened restaurant or cafà ©. This mean they need to redesign the current cafà ©/restaurant so that will fit local cultural but it will not lose the Hard Rocks visual appearance. Securency Company is an example for bribing. Securency is a joint company between Reserve Bank Australia and British company call Innovia Films. Several former and serving Securency executives engaged in bribery to win deals in Vietnam, Nigeria, Malaysia and Indonesia. Securency Company has been investigated and bribery for some middle-men in order to win the deals oversea has been probed. If Hard Rock Cafà © gets involve in this kind of bribery, this will destroy all the reputation that Hard Rock Cafà © has tried to build up decades ago as well as it will lead to closing down a lot of business if the bribery is proved. Human resource management is also an important matter for company. Armstrong (2006) stated that: Human resource management is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations most valued assets: the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives. Nowadays, most of the company is really pay attention about human resource. It can help the company win over their competitors. For restaurant industry, products are important but services could be an extra point to attract customer come back. How Hard Rock could do it? The company needs to provide the better services, cheaper price and faster response to compete with their competitors (Blackwell et al., 2001). Staff turnover is another issue especially in restaurant industry due to very high turnover of employees, around 80% to 100% per year (Heizer el at., 2011). Hard Rock Cafà © is successfully in keep very low percentage of staff turnover by let employees fill in each day schedule what day/shift they would like to work base on their level and how important they are at each shift. The purpose is to balance work and normal life of staff as well as will not let over-employee between two shifts. This method works very well as Hard Rock staffs love that method and it helps to reduce the staff turnover which is percentage of staff turnover in restaurant industry is very high. Although staffs at Hard Rock Cafà © are music lover, happy with the working environment but for normal living life, they cannot live without money. So company should have reasonable salary system in order to help their staffs afford to normal living cost. There is an accusing of an anonymous waiter staff in of the Hard Rock Cafà © in United Kingdom that he/she was getting paid under the national minimum wages which is 2.06 pound per hour while national minimum wages is around 5.73 pound per hour (http://news.bbc.co.uk). Employees in Hard Rock Cafà © in London are relying on tips of customer to push their wages to national minimum wages. These tips could come from cash, credit card tips but we do not know all those tip will be distributed fairly to staffs or the company will keep them and give part of it staffs only. This matter is very important. Salary would a tool to stimulus the performance of employees which could make them work harder, dynamic and enthusiasm. If this matter i s proven, the company will be fined and leads to competitors get gain more market share which is belong to company. In order to expand business in Ha Noi, Vietnam, Hard Rock needs to look at challenges and opportunities before make final decision. These challenges and opportunities are mention below: Based on General Statistics Office of Vietnam, Ha noi is about 3345 km2 with more than 6.5 millions of people which is around 1935 person/km2 (http://www.gso.gov.vn). We can see in here, will small area with a lot of people live in, so it is very hard to find location to open a new business in here. Location is a main concern of company which is easy to access; locate around Central Business District where a lot of traveler and people can see their logo. Moreover, real estate price in Ha Noi is very high compare to other cities so that company would need to consider lease or buy it out (http://vietbao.vn). That would be added to the cost of meal which would be an issue in competitive with other competitors. Another challenge is cultural differences. Cultural differences could cause a lot of problem which Hard Rock needs to find out when planning to do business in Vietnam. Eye contact is an important to tell whether we respect opposite person or not. For Western cultural, when people are talking, it is impolite if we do not look at each others eyes. But in many Asian countries such as Japan and Vietnam, they cannot look at their superiors eyes otherwise it means you have no respect for them. If you do that so, that mean you show your respect to them (Moran el at., 2007). Posture/Gesture can make misunderstanding as well if two business men from difference countries with difference cultural. In Vietnam, it would be friendly if two people stand close, remain little gap between two people but in western way, it should be a gap (at least one meter) when they are talking to each other, it is consider polite. On the other hand, handshake would differences between Asian cultural and Western cultural. Western people prefer firm handshake, that show their respect to business partner as well as trustworthy while in Asia, especially in Vietnam, firm handshake should be avoided while people think it is rude, un-educated, not being friendly to guess. Those things are very important because if they do not understand Vietnamese cultural, it might create problems between level management of Hard Rock towards their employees. This is not good for business as it will create the gap between level management and employees, poor performances, people might want to quit du e to disappointed, do not like working environment. Currency risk is another risk factor. At the moment, the exchange rate between US dollar and Vietnamese dong is very high which is 1 US dollar can change to 19500 VND (www.eximbank.com). If Hard Rock would like to bring their goods over from US to keep original taste, it would make the price of each meal increase due to value of VND is decrease plus no shipping cost from US to Hanoi if they buy those products in Vietnam. The rise and fall of exchange rate could make company have more competitive advantage to competitor but it would be a disaster later on so that advantage would turn to disadvantage as Hard Rock Cafà © strategy wants local residents get involve along with tourists. In Vietnam legal framework is quite good but it is not applied. Intellectual property right is an example. It is not protected even Vietnam has signed a lot agreement which promised to protect the copyright but it does not put it in practice (http://www.vietnam-ustrade.org). The percentage of copyright infringement is still high at 85%, same at year 2007, 2008 (http://phapluattp.vn). Hard Rock Cafà © can be set up today but next few weeks, another Cafà © might be open and all the meals, layout, styles, music would be similar or slightly differences. It will affect the brand name of Hard Rock if customers come in, still though that is Hard Rock Cafà © and they have bad serves or food poisoning. Disregard those challenges above, Ha Noi is still a potential place for investor to consider when open business in here. Firstly, Hanoi is capital of Vietnam with labor force 1.6 million of people while 43% of them are under age of 35; it means 400.000 people enter the market every day (http://industrialzone.vn). Moreover, GDP per capital of Vietnam is around $1156 USD/year which is very low compares to US. It means, company has more option in selecting staffs but pay less money than in US market (http://www.dfat.gov.au). That would save a lot money for company while in US huge money has been paid off for HR and singers. This is an advantage when open business in Hanoi. Secondly, supply chain management would not be a problem because people can come to Hanoi by three main ways: railway, roadway and airway. Hanoi is also a starting point of a lot national highway such as Number 1A national highway, Number 3, 5 national road and NoiBai airport is around 40km away only as well as close to 5 big industry zones which they can supply most of the needs for Hard Rock (http://industrialzone.vn). It is easy to deliver goods for company regularly and on time so company will not be run out of stock even in peak period. Thirdly, since 1990, economics of Vietnam is growing very fast. GDP of Vietnam is around 7% growing continuously while GDP per capital is at $725 USD in 2006 goes up to $1156 USD in 2010 which is nearly double in 4 years time. We can see bright economy, growing very fast which is a potential market with around 90 millions of people (http://www.dfat.gov.au). That could open for Hard Rock a lot of chances while invest in Vietnam as a lot of US companies did it long time ago such as IBM, Intel and many more US companies. Intel is good example in investment. They just announced to decided to make the $1 billion investment in a relative newcomer to the high-tech game Vietnam (http://www.usatoday.com). This decision is good news for Vietnam which could create a hundred thousand jobs in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City as well as could bring back huge profits for Intel in the future as labor cost in Vietnam is quite cheap but highly educated. In conclusion, ten operation management decisions play an important role in doing business of company. Those decisions mentioned above are not all of ten decisions but it would show out how important ten operation management decisions in managing quality, improve performance of employees, create new goods/services in order to adapt to the fast changing of global economic. If Hard Rock Cafà © can continue to perform as they are doing right now, it would be the strength and a competitive edge toward their competitors.

The Leadership Influence And Motivation

The Leadership Influence And Motivation Before I can describe how my understanding has evolved; it is important that I give one of my change experience. I was responsible for implementing and managing a change program within the logistical function. I was the change implementer and strategist within the change program. The scope of the change affected the engineering and logistical functions daily working. I initially thought about and planned for the negative effects on the logistical employees motivation, commitment and perception of job security. This transformational change was the outcome of economic factors within the far environment of the business cause by the global credit crunch, slow rate of economic growth and internally by the need to reduce cost. The garage at Harrow Weald (HD) failed to retain 2 contracts from Transport for London as the business was out bid by the competition, First bus. This resulted was a reduced work load for the Material Manager at HD. The Material Manager workload reduced from 9% in 2009 to 6% between January 2010 and May 2010. I made the decision along with the Head of Purchasing, with support from the Engineering Director to merge Edgware (EW) and HD store rooms because of the 5 miles distance between sites and the same bus types at their locations. The Material Manager at HD will be moving to Holloway (HT) to support HT as their current workload has increased to 25% and the Material Manager at EW will be running HD and EW store rooms. Personally this was needed to reduce cost at HD logistical function; if cost was not reduced, this might have led to redundancies. I felt I had to do something to protect my team while solving a manning issue at HT. However, I learnt as the change continued that it was not the Material Managers or the Trade unions (TU) unitary involvement which had the negative views caused by the uncertainty created by this change program. But the Engineering managers of EW and HD who were worried about their logistical cover for their repair programs. There were a lot of resistance from the Engineering managers which my change program did not take in account. I did not understand the reasons at the time. From that experience; I have learnt from reading about the range of stability Arnold et al., ibid and using the stakeholder analysis model. (The principles and practices of change Pg 16) That understanding behaviour and attitudes is vital in the change process. Using that methodology; more careful planning by using multiple change tools, frameworks and by providing information through sensitive implementation; while involving everyone affected by the changes; will help increase the success of the change. Any change program needs to be understood fully by providing information, which will strengthen the program and implemented in a way that people can cope effectively with it. I failed to inform and involved the Engineering managers within the change sufficiently before. I needed to show people that the change had integrity and benefits. I see treating people with humanity, honesty and respect will reduce the resisting forces, thats involves good leadership. Change I now see; can be unsettling to everyone within the program; managers and staff, nothing must be taken for granted within change. If change is forced on people problems and resistance normally arise. I have come to realize; that I can achieve my personal change if I follow the same format. Change must be realistic, achievable and measurable (SMART). Figure 1 How my understanding of change has evolved over the 5 weeks This is what I took for granted; as the Engineering managers were managers, I expected them to be committed to the change. I did not focus on their needs 1.2 McKinsey 7S Model The McKinsey 7-S model is an approach to planned internal change devised by Peters (1970). This method collectively analyzes the interdependence between 7 variables on how the change within business must operate. I really identify with this model because it focuses on internal relationships between systems and people. Figure 2 McKinsey 7S Model (The principles and practice of change Pg 11) If I had used this model during my pervious change program, I might have notice the interdependence between the Engineering managers and their repair program. Thus with this information, I could have created a clearer shared vision and involve them within the strategies. I will be using this in the future on my stores project to research the interdependence of systems and people to reduce resistances and improve communication. 1.3 Kurt Lewins Force Field Analysis This model from Lewin (1940) focuses on the individuals who resist change and do not want to change their status quo (The principles and practices of change Pg 278). According to figure 3; there are 2 types of forces within a change program. This model looks at internal and external forces; the change strategy looks to increase the change driving forces and at the same time reduce the resistance forces. This model would have being useful in my previous experience of change; as it focuses on peoples activities who are affected by the change in a negative or positive way. This is definitely a useful model for the future as it helps to formulate strategies used in reducing these resisting forces. Figure 3 Force Field Analysis Source: www.change-management-coach.com/images/force-field-analysis.jpg accessed 19-12-10 1.4 Kotter Model To me this is the most important model I have come across; it focuses on internal and external factors and forces to bring about organizational change. However to me it seems a little complex and time consuming. However this theoretical emergent approach to change known as the Kotter Model is great way of analyzing, planning and implementing change which involves 8 steps Figure 4 Kotter 8 step Model Source: www. downloadsoftwarestore.com/software_images/82/34/00053482/Software__Kotter_Change_Model-screenshot.gif Accessed 19-12-10 Personally, I really like this model compared to McKinsey 7-S model and Kurt Lewins Force Field Analysis, as this model focuses on the change drivers internally and externally and the reason for change. It looks at empowerment of staff and picking the right change leaders to make the change work. The model is complex as it entails focusing on the entire organization, the impact of the change and timing is critical between steps. What is beautiful about it; it also looks at the aftermath of the change and quick wins to encourage participation and visual simulation. However change is complex and I now see using one model or framework within a change program, something or someone will be missed. Over the last 5 weeks; I have learnt that organization does not exist in isolation, but its part of a complex 3 phases environment. These environments exhort pressure on businesses internally and externally. The organization has to change to meet these pressures in order to survive, adapt or seize opportunities. Thus its essential to use multiple frameworks, good leadership and evaluations to increase the sustainability of change. Part 2 2.1 Identify the aspects of change which you expect to follow up in later work in developing your EBI From my research; I came across Leadership and change in small firms and entrepreneurship http://learn.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=439879 accessed 02-01-11. The concept of Entrepreneurial Leadership illustrated in figure 5; which is leading through direct involvement by creating shared values for organizational stakeholders. Through flexibility, innovations and evolving concepts of organizational frameworks that can be constantly changed. Thus change is welcome and second natured within the business. Figure 5 Paradigm of keys to organizational excellence and leadership strategies Source: Darling and Beebe, 2007, p. 87 At this stage; I believe this course will enables me to review my current leadership style illustrated in figure 6. I will never become a perfect leader or manager, I acknowledge this now. But I am someone who likes order and I have chosen change tools which bring order to the change complexity. Now, I am going to step out of my comfort zone with the cognitive, affective and behavioural responses to change framework and identify ways to improve my leadership skills and effectiveness by contributing to an environment that empowers my managers by encouraging innovative thoughts. By allowing my managers to lead me to a vision within my stores project will improve our systems inside the logistical function. According to Gersick (1991) Change brings about positive and negative emotions caused by stimuli within the change, which affects our behaviour (The principles and practices of change Pg 185). Figure 6 My development of leadership and change at workUnderstanding emotional intelligence, as defined by Goldman (1998), is often associated with key social skills which includes self-awareness, trust and empathy which are also important in the workplace. Using the Goldmans five major factors of emotional intelligence model illustrated in figure 5 which involves intrapersonal and interpersonal components. I would like to explore more in the upcoming weeks at work. Gersick (1991)- stimuli Kotter (2009)- Leadership or Management Vera and Rodriguez-Lopez (2004)- Humility Baker (2009- Fellowship Goldman- (1998)- Emotional Intelligence Self discovery- Improve communication and relationships at work My Delivery- Making it happen Innovation and Design- Using My Emotional Intelligence My Vision- involves fellowship and humility leadership, allowing myself to be led My Discovery and Planning- cognitive, affective and behavioural responses to change framework http://www.infopeople.org/training/webcasts/webcast_data/203/FiveComponentsEmotionalIntelligence.pdf accessed 02-01-10 To achieve this concept, I have to be trusted and respected within the change program, which have to demonstrate integrity by doing the right things. This concept is very fascinating and I think this is the pinnacle of me evolving; this tie into my humility and emotional aspects of leadership I am trying to explore as part of my EBI. The concept of giving respect and providing meaning by creating a sense of worth to the change recipients will show my humility. Thus increasing the level of commitment to the change while keeping change recipients within their range of stability and (The principles and practices of change Pg 16) reducing the resisting forces. I do not see myself as a brilliant change agent; but I do understand how change can make people feel uneasy and the level of uncertainty that can be created from my past experience of change. In achieving successful organizational change, I must able to inspire and turn negatives into positives by finding innovative ways of doing things while working with the change recipients. Even if the change has bad news, being honest and open will help build trust through positioning; which will enable my reputation for future change programs to be viewed with honesty, confidence and respect. Over the 5 weeks I come to understand that organizing and communicating the possibilities of what can be achieve from the change is management and while giving meaning to change is leadership. Trust through positioning implies having predictability, accountability and reliability this provides the foundation for the change integrity. Now the question is how I would show this within my EBI and does this make any sense. 2.2 Give a brief summary of the scouting work (including key inquiries) you have undertaken on the options and opportunities for your EBI EBI name Key features Stores reorganisation -Current organisational change program Exploring differing leadership and management theories and concepts. Then putting them into practice 6 months to complete Work related Researching universities to study my MBA My personal goal Will have to involve friends and family Searching for a new job in China to further -Very challenging -Risky -My personal and situational goal Relevance, feasibility and ranking of EBIs which were identified during scouting EBI name Relevance1 Relevance to my organisation1 Feasibility2 Rank Stores reorganisation- 75% sure Probably very relevant Probably very achievable 1 Researching universities to study my MBA 20%- sure May be relevant, but cant quite tell Im pessimistic about my ability to do this 2 Searching for a new job in China to further 5%- sure Not very relevant to my organisation at first glance Im uncertain about whether it can be done 3 After the TMA 2; I spoke with my mentor about possible EBIs. We were both in agreement that the stores reorganisation project is a perfect inquiry for my EBI; as there are elements of change and leadership focusing on the emotional characteristic of humility within the project and the project deals with changes which I personally would like to develop, as I am too task- oriented. This will encourage me to reflect on my daily experiences, identify what I would like to learn about from the course materials and the Tutor group forums. In addition try to engage with the course materials and themes in the light of my experiences. This is essential for me to develop as a good leader and manager and I will be able to use this knowledge and notes, I have acquired via this process to advance to my EBI. Although the entire aspects of my EBI is still unclear with the problems of linking leadership and change together is still a little ambiguous. I still have some doubts of which EBI to choose and what area of leadership and change to focus on. In addition, if I am actually making a journey into a better leader or manager, but I am learning new theories and framework to deal with my day to day work problems. Additionally, the stores reorganisation is a very important project for me and my logistical team. I am trying to standardise the warehouses layout throughout 10 sites. The local material managers are already not happy with some of my ideas, but I need to win them over with the new warehouse layout which will test my own leadership skills, by letting go of my order and control and letting them lead me to a shared vision of the change. Thus, I might use my stores reorganisation project as one giant inquiry for my EBI. I have also spoken with my line manager; to check the feasibility of the stores project; he is happy for me to use the project as part of my studies. However, he added that the stores project was already complex without adding another dimension of things to do. I never thought about the stores project with this perspective, therefore, the following questions will need to be addressed: is it too complex to conduct an EBI with such an important work project? Can I test and report on any actual growth within my understanding of things I have learnt? His perspective has added a new dimension on my possible EBIs and created a level of uncertainty. Word count Part 1 1.1 My change experience and change issues- 568 words 1.2 McKinsey 7S Model- 117 words 1.3 Kurt Lewins Force Field Analysis-113 words 1.4 Kotter Model- 248 words Total: 1089 Words Part 2 2.1 Identify the aspects of change- 529 words 2.2 Give a brief summary of the scouting work- 544 words Total: 1073 words Part 1+ Part 2 = 2119 words 3.1 Appendix Stocktaking Week 16 What do you feel about the course so far? How have you found it? (You may find it helpful to look at some possible responses on page 8 of Study Guide 2.) What are the three most important things you have picked up so far? What have been the three most important things so far? Have you shared your work on B204 with colleagues at work? What do they think about what you are doing? After the scouting and the study you have done, how do you now feel about the EBI you will have to do? Do you feel you are in control of your learning on the course or are you just being driven along by the work and the schedules? What are the reasons for your answer? What things are you hoping to build on as your move into Phase 2? Looking forward, what things are you now feeling most anxious about? What are your real hopes and concerns about the next stages of the course? What issues have really struck you most? Any other thoughts

Les Miserables :: Les Miserables

Les Miserables Throughout peoples lives they will be influenced due to other people and events. There are many ways people can be influenced. In the book Les Miserables by Victor Hugo, three different people influence Jean Valjean. The first influence on Jean was by the bishop. Another influence on Jean was Cosette. A third influence on Jean was Javert. Each of these are people who play a large role in Jean's life. The bishop was one of Jeans first and most important influences involving kindness and forgiveness. The first way that the bishop shows kindness to Jean is by inviting him into his home for dinner and a place to sleep, even though he is an ex-convict and no one else would help him. "Monsieur, sit down and warm yourself: we are going to take supper presently, and you bed will be made ready whil you sup." (Page 26) The next and most powerful act of kindness and forgiveness that the bishop shows to Jean is, when he tells the police that the silver which Jean had actually stole was a gift, and that he had forgotten to take his gift of candlesticks. When the bishop says, "Ah there you are! I am glad to see you, but I gave you the candlesticks too, which are also silver and will bring you two hundred francs"(Page 38). When the bishop say's this, Jean Valjean is filled with surprise and disbelief, and did not know what to do. From that day on Jean would remember the bis hop and his kindness towards him, and use this memory to help others. Javert has many different types of influences on Jean. One way that Javert influences Jean is by sending him to the galleys for the first time even though he was just stealing to feed his family. Jean was turned cold and cruel by this, he thought that the whole world was as cruel as Javert seemed to be. This cruelty only leads Jean into more trouble. "See, there is where he got out; he jumped down Cochefilet lane. The abominable fellow! He has stolen our silver!" (Page 37) This shows that even after Jean was released from the galleys he was hardened from the influences and still was a thief. The second way that Javert influences Jean is by testing Jeans new side of kindness and gratitude by sending him to the galleys a second time, for saving a wrongfully accused man.

Albert Camus The Myth of Sisyphus Essays -- Papers Albert Camus Sisyp

Albert Camus' The Myth of Sisyphus Albert Camus' essay, 'The Myth Of Sisyphus' is an insightful analysis of the classic work, 'The Myth Of Sisyphus'. In some regards Camus' view of Sisyphus can seem quite accurate and in tune with the original text, but based on Camus' interpretation of the justness of Sisyphus' punishment, it is clear that the writer has some different ideas as well. Camus concludes that this punishment does not have the effect the Gods had intended, and ultimately the tragic hero must be seen as being 'happy'. This is his greatest departure from the intent of the original myth wherein the reader is left with the feeling that Sisyphus' punishment can be seen as appropriate and just. As his punishment for repeatedly outwitting the Gods, Sisyphus is forced to roll a great rock up a steep hill only to have it roll back down each time he reaches the top, forever condemned to repeat the process over and over again. It is this punishment that Camus is most focused on, as the topic of Sisyphus? trickery only comes up to give the reader some background on the story. It is unusual however that Camus considers this punishment as an, ?unspeakable penalty in which the whole being is exerted toward accomplishing nothing?, and at the same time assumes that; ?The struggle itself towards the heights is enough to fill a man?s heart.? The gratification that one might find through hard work could certainly be seen as an accomplishment, but it?s hard to see how this pertains to Sisyphus. Camus states that, ?the workman of today works every day in his life at the same tasks?, and that his fate is, ?no less absurd.? If a man whistles while performing his laborious job it is onl y because it is assumed that the fruits... ...l text was meant to represent. Camus states that, ?myths are made for the imagination to breathe life into them?, and he surely takes advantage of this. If it is true that Sisyphus truly owns his fate and is the master of his own ?absurd? universe, then that should be seen as his greatest punishment of all, for it does not amount to very much, and as Camus himself pointed out, ?the rock is still rolling.? Bibliography: Works Cited Bierlein, J.F. ?The Myth Of Sisyphus.? Lives Through Literature A Thematic Anthology (3rd ed.). Helane Levine Keating and Walter Levy. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001. 1042-43. Camus, Albert. ?The Myth Of Sisyphus.? Lives Through Literature A Thematic Anthology (3rd ed.). Helane Levine Keating and Walter Levy. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001. 1044-46.

The Timeless Power of Les Miserables Essay example -- Les Misérables M

The Timeless Power of Les Miserables      Ã‚  Ã‚   The book Les Miserables, written by Victor Hugo in 1862, created a sensation throughout the world (Royston and Schlesinger 2). That impression continued through theatrical productions and most recently the musical, but the book contains greater detail and adds a deeper understanding of Hugo's epic story than the movie or musical portray. Regretfully, few people in World society take the time to relish this masterpiece. Living in a fast paced world, many people today consider reading a time-consuming, senseless activity, and those who still read most likely choose a shorter novel rather than the 1500 page story of Les Miserables. However, the author states, "I don't know if it will be read by everyone, but it is meant for everyone" (Royston and Schlesinger 2). This statement applies to this time period as well. The sincere characters, intriguing sub-plots, and moral theme of Les Miserables relate to people today even 130 years after its publication.    Popular characteristics that today's reader admires coincides with the characteristics of the characters in Les Miserables. Readers look for a hero that they relate with, so the hero who possesses admirable qualities as well as demeaning faults appeals to most people. The heroes of Les Miserables, Jean Valjean and Marius, both portray average men with flaws in their character. Jean Valjean, the main character, steals from a bishop who treated Valjean decently when other people only saw him as a convict. This single act makes Valjean appear ruthless, but later in the novel, his eagerness to help people and his willingness to accept punishment makes Valjean's error seem trivial. Valjean's mistake secures his r... ... and moral theme. Written over 130 years ago, it remains influential even today. Although the book requires an immense amount of time to read, the outcome proves beneficial and invigorating to anyone who chooses to embark on the adventure of Jean Valjean's life in Les Miserables.    Works Cited Hillis, Newell Dwight. Great Books as Life-teachers: Studies of Character, Real and Ideal. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1899. Grossman, Kathryn M. Les Miserables: Conversion, Revolution, Redemption. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1996. Lee, Rob. The Barricade on the Rue de la Chanvrerie: Les Miserables - The Novel. Internet. 1997. Available: www.users.cloud9.net/~rlee/lesmis/welcome.htm. Royston, Peter and Sarah Schlesinger. About the Novel Les Miserables. Internet. 1997. Available: www.lesmis.com/inspiration/author/aboutnovel.html.   

F.Scott Fitzgerald Essay

East versus WestThe Midwestern states and the Eastern states of America are very different and marked by specific values and attitudes. While in the Mid West you find more traditional values (American values), for example living on one’s own, not needing anyone else and being self-supporting, the East has a closer connection to Europe and orientates itself by European values and qualities. The West is described as the country of â€Å"wide lawns and friendly trees† (p. 7,5 ), â€Å"prairies† and â€Å"lost Swede towns† (p. 125,19). There, agriculture is the major economic factor and the landscape is marked by long wheat and corn fields. During winter, the land freezes, they get â€Å"real snow† (p. 125,13) and the temperatures drops far below 0 ° C. When you look inside the houses, you see holy wreaths hanging in the windows pointing out the traditions that are followed by the westerners. The people living in the West tend to have a very strict and conservative attitude and not to be open for most changes. It was there, where  prohibition  started. | | On the other side of the Ohio, the major eastern side stream of the Mississippi, the Eastern states begin. They represent the modern America where the immigrants first arrived in order to start a better life (American Dream). Also, the East is much more densely populated and you find more big cities like New York. The Easterners are said to be open-minded and sophisticated. In the book  The Great Gatsby, East Egg and West Egg are used as metaphors for the East and the Middle West. While the â€Å"aristocrats† Tom and Daisy live in East Egg, the newly rich Gatsby lives in West Egg. Even though Gatsby shows off with his wealth and tries to fit in the â€Å"aristocratic† society, the fact that he is living in West Egg, shows that the distance between East and West does not become smaller, ecause West Egg stays the â€Å"less fashionable of the two† (p. 9, 9). Most of the settlers, who explored the western country, were Finnish. For that, the â€Å"Finnish woman† (p. 7, 10) who works for Nick, is another example of the connection between West Egg and the Middle West. | In the Great Gatsby, there are two cities, East Egg and West Egg, which are separated by the Valley of Ashes. Wh at city you live in between the two, shows if you are from a wealthy family (East Egg) or if you are new to wealth (West Egg). People in East Egg come from families that always had money. They’re more snobby, greedy, and mean than people from West Egg, as those from East Egg are generally less-sophisticated, and a more innocent type of people, as they haven’t been consumed by material possessions, money, and greed their whole lives. The Buchanans, for example, are a family of East Egg, which Tom Buchanan was born of a wealthy family, and the greedy Daisy, who married into this money. They have a very large mansion for a home, and are a somewhat of a stuck up family. East Egg is portrayed as corrupt in the novel, and and is moral-less, compared to the more humble West Egg. According to F. Scott Fitzgerald, the West Egg is â€Å"less fashionable† with â€Å"wide lawns and friendly trees. † Most of the people that live in the West Egg have morals and ethics to live by, rather than their own money, such as Nick Carraway. After Nick does Gatsby the favor of reuniting him with Daisy, he offers Nick the chance to take part in Gatsby’s business and earn more money. Even though Nick struggles to sell bonds, he politely declines, realizing that Gatsby was only returning the favor. This shows that Nick has dignity, and doesn’t live off the image portrayed by how much money he has or makes. In the book The Great Gatsby, East Egg and West Egg are used as metaphors for the East and the Middle West. While the â€Å"aristocrats† Tom and Daisy live in East Egg, the newly rich Gatsby lives in West Egg. Even though Gatsby shows off with his wealth and tries to fit in the â€Å"aristocratic† society, the fact that he is living in West Egg, shows that the distance between East and West does not become smaller, because West Egg stays the â€Å"less fashionable of the two† http://thegreatjaygatsby. logspot. be/2010/06/east-egg-vs-west-egg. html http://hcchonorsamericanliterature. edublogs. org/2012/03/20/east-egg-vs-west-egg/ http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20090210150630AAg7YIw http://www. ovtg. de/3_arbeit/englisch/gatsby/minut_03. html http://www. ovtg. de/3_arbeit/englisch/gatsby/eastwest. html http://metatfios. tumblr. com/po st/17549510984/the-epigraph-and-the-great-gatsby

Employee Involvement Essay

The direct participation of staff to help an organization fulfill its mission and meet its objectives by applying their own ideas, expertise, and efforts towards solving problems and making decisions. From this definition, participation can include representative participation, direct communication, and upward problem solving. We will focus on the latter two categories because this article is more about understanding outcomes, tools, and methods. The direct participation of staff to help an organization fulfill its mission and meet its objectives by applying their own ideas, expertise, and efforts towards solving problems and making decisions. Based on the thinking that people involved in a process know it best, regular participation of employees in several planning and execution areas occur. Major areas are: (1) deciding how work gets done, (2) suggesting improvements, (3) setting goals, (4) planning, and (5) performance monitoring. That employees will improve their performance if t hey are more motivated by being more involved, is an observed trait. Borders on empowerment. Employee involvement means that every employee is regarded as a unique human being, not just a cog in a machine, and each employee is involved in helping the organization meet its goals. Each employee’s input is solicited and valued by his/her management. Employees and management recognize that each employee is involved in running the business. Employee empowerment is a somewhat different concept. It means that in addition to involving employees in running the business, employees and management recognize that many problems or obstacles to achieving organizational goals can be identified and solved by employees. Employee empowerment means that management recognizes this ability, and provides employees with the tools and authority required to continuously improve their performance. The management states its expectations about employees recognizing and solving problems, and empowers them to do so. Employee Motivation  is the â€Å"psychological forces that determine the direction of a person’s behavior in an organization, a person’s level of effort and a person’s level of persistence Using rewards as motivators divides employee motivation into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic rewards are internal, psychological rewards such as a sense of accomplishment or doing  something because it makes one feel good.[7] Extrinsic rewards are rewards that other people give to you such as a money, compliments, bonuses, or trophies. â€Å"the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need.† Theory XTheory x states that people are generally lazy. Since people are lazy they will try at all costs to avoid work. They will do what they can to waste time and find other things to do. Sigmund Freud the creator of this theory believed that the only way to get people to do work was to threaten them with punishment if they didn’t do their work. This idea is important because if it holds true, motivation becomes extremely important. If people don’t want to do any work it is necessary to motivation Theory X MIT Professor Douglas McGregor Theory X—assumes that people are basically lazy and will avoid working if they can. To make sure that employees work, Theory X managers impose strict rules and make sure that all important decisions are made only by them. Theory Y Theory Y assumes that people find satisfaction in their work. Theory Y managers believe that people are creative and will come up with good ideas if encouraged to do so. They tend to give their employees much more freedom and let them make mistakes. Theory Z is a business management theory that integrates Japanese and American business practices. The Japanese business emphasis is on collective decision making, whereas the American emphasis is on individual responsibility. McGregor’s Theories Theory X- Autocratic Dislike Work Avoid Responsibility Little Ambition Force/Control/ Direct/Threaten Motivated by Fear & Money Theory Y- Democratic Like Work Naturally Works Toward Goals Seeks Responsibility Imaginative, Creative, Clever Motivated by Empowerment

Notes for exam question Essay

Chapter 1: social scientist have argued that issues of inequality, poverty and social exclusion cut across both social welfare and crime control domains, and noted that while some responses to these issues may become the focus of social welfare policies, others may become the focus of crime control interventions. Social justice then is neither the exclusive terrain of social welfare nor of crime control. The boundaries between these two domains tend to be mobile and porous. This idea was introduced by arguing that the neat distinction between the goals of social welfare (well being) and the goals of crime control (maintaining social order) break down on closer inspection. Chapter 1 section 4: crime control measures impact adversely on social welfare and produce justice struggles. State withdrawal from the direct provision of welfare services is accompanied by greater attention to antisocial behaviour of younger and poorer groups in society. Social welfare is oriented towards the creation and maintenance of social well-being through the provision of various social supports combating social inequalities by promoting redistribution and social inclusion and countering various social harms such as poverty and discrimination. The domain of crime control is more oriented towards the creation and maintenance of social stability, social order and security by addressing behaviours and activities of those who are perceived to threaten these in some way. Crime control and social welfare policies, there are many examples of entanglement between them. For example, countering antisocial behaviour may be defined as a social welfare matter in that it protects the welfare and well being of some against the disruptions caused by others. This example also raises wider social welfare questions, I.e how can societies support young people and others so that they do not conduct themselves in ways that are viewed as antisocial? The relationship between social welfare and crime control is dynamic meaning it is likely to change over time, and it is contested. Another example of how social welfare and crime control is entangled: protecting children from abuse- a role taken on by both police and social workers, acting in partnership but with rather blurred boundaries between the welfare and crime control functions. The entanglements between welfare and crime control take many different forms. Welfare states in its traditional form is considered by many commentators across the political spectrum to be in need of reform. Social scientists focus on creating social inclusion rather than on providing welfare Ideas about an underclass of marginalised individuals – often black Afro caribbean or Hispanic – have informed policies on crime preventions and crime control in countries such as the USA. Many studies are handing over more responsibility for tackling crime and antisocial behaviour to local communities, who in turn address crime prevention through a mix of welfare and control strategies. As environmental issues become more important in ensuring security and well-being, so attention is turning to new kinds of harm – harms perpetrated not by those traditionally defined as problem populations, often on the margins of society but by the rich and powerful who perpetuate environmental and other kinds of crime. Many struggles for social justice, produced laws that have to be enforced through the institutions of criminal justice. On the other hand, some criminal justice measures including many of those now associated with anti terrorist measures are viewed as producing harms such as internment or the loss of rights for certain population groups. Chapter 1 section 3&6: dissent and protest against social injustice may be the subject or criminalising responses. The darling study for the Joseph row tree foundation shows an increasing inequality of wealth in the uk in the late 20th century when income inequalities grew rapidly. It also shows a greater degree of spatial segregation of wealth and poverty, with local areas increasingly dominated by wealthy or poor residents and a decline in social mixing. Poverty concentrates attention on one segment of society: those living below a certain level of income, or below a certain level of resources. Many studies of poverty tend to focus attention on poor people rather than the wider social structures which generate and reproduce poverty. In the process, then, such studies divert attention from the relationship between wealth and poverty, and the ways in which richer and more powerful groups manage to increase their wealth and hold on to it at the expense of poorer and less powerful groups. Much social investigation into poverty has in practice involved looking at the poorest people to see what was wrong with them, and is based on the assumption that there must be something about them that makes them different from us. In the 19th century, investigators went like intrepid explorers – into the neighbourhoods where the poor lived in order to examine their habits, their ways of life, their culture and most frequently their character. The poor were associated with a range of social dangers from illness, through crime and vice, to the threat of socialism. This emphasis on statistical investigation has had a profound influence on the subsequent development of social research in the uk and how we come to know about and understand the social world. But the investigation and observation of the character and habits of the poor has also had enduring consequences, reflecting a persistent belief that the cause of poverty could be discovered there. 19th century investigations into moral failings of the poor merged into20th century concerns with their dysfunctional family life or their culture of poverty. The idea of a culture of poverty had mutated into a culture of dependency. All of these terms expressed the idea that poor people had habits, attitudes and ways of life that has passed poverty on across generations. Chapter 2 section 2: welfare states are involved in the maintenance of social order and stability by naturalising and normalising social inequalities Chapter 2 sections 2,3&4: welfare states prescribe certain ideas of behaviour. These may stigmatise certain categories of people – in booths study, the poor; and in the 21st century, those who are not gainfully employed or who do not comply with norms of active citizenship. Welfare states also police adherence to norms of good conduct and may punish those who deviate from them. Punishments may range from measures such as the withdrawal of benefits and services to actual criminalisation. Chapter 3 section 3: care – whether provided informally or through welfare states – can involve the abuse, neglect and exploitation of vulnerable people. Some abuses are subject to criminal prosecution. Chapter 3 section 4: treaties, conventions, laws and workers rights are often ineffective in regulating safety and ensuring freedom from harm in the workplace. Trade unions have attempted to limit workplace harms by pursuing rights and legal safeguards, but there power has been weakened. In attempt to avoid legislative action, some companies are now developing voluntary codes of conduct based on the idea of social responsibility. Chapter 4 section 2: problem populations, in problem places – such as the black population of new Orleans – tend to be stigmatised, viewed as a source of harm, crime and social disorder Chapter 4 section 3: some of the case studies show how welfare policies that sought to solve housing problems in the past have had damaging consequences, leading to punitive and criminalising policies in the present. Chapter 5 section 2: global slums are sites of concerns about crime and disorder. They are also sites of emerging understanding about how slums can be a source of progress and development through self help Chapter 5 section 4: transnational institutions concerns with regulating environmental crimes are contrasted with restorative self regulatory and participatory models of development.

Establishing a Secured Atm Banking System

Establishing a Secured ATM Banking System Contents 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Executive Summary 4. Mission 5. Company Background 6. Statement of the Problem 1. Problem Statement 2. Problem Significant 7. Project Objective 8. Limitation of the Project 9. Methodology 10. Analysis of the Project 11. Scope of the Statement 12. Proposed Improvement 13. Expected Output 14. Recommendation 15. Acknowledgment Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate risk management, security and controls in the Context of Automated teller machines (ATMs).In doing so, it adopts a non-technical Approach by investigating the interrelationship and effect of risk management and controls In setting Automated Teller Machine security goals. The literature explores and discusses The risk management and different controls of ATMs. To reduce the risk of fraudulent Activity, several controls can be integrated into the ATM processing environment. However, the controls should not be considered a cure-all. Keywo rds: ATMs, data security, risk, fraud, electronic banking, and controls.Introduction This paper examines the effects of incompatibility in network industries. In a network industry such as telecommunications, the internet, or automatic teller machines (ATMs) in the banking industry,firms are technologically interconnected. This interconnection can lead to more complicated pricing structures than those observed in traditional industries, since a consumer may receive direct or indirect services both from his chosen firm and its rivals.While interconnection increases the size of the network available to consumers, in industries such as the banking industry, the introduction of price discrimination between affiliated and unaffiliated consumers reintroduces firm-level network economies by reducing compatibility within the shared network. This paper measures the impact of this incompatibility and finds significant effects on competition in the deposit market, welfare, and investment. It a lso briefly considers an alternative institutional structure in which provision of ATM and deposit services is separated.In the banking industry, the customers of one bank can use their ATM cards at ATMs owned byother banks, but the ATM owner may charge a fee called a surcharge. This can be interpreted aspartial incompatibility between components of a system comprised of ATM cards (bank affiliation)and ATMs. Analogous to the strong complementary relationships between CPUs and peripheralsor VCRs and video tapes, ATM cards and ATMs form complementary components of a system thatallows consumers to perform transactions on their bank accounts.Consumers can choose variouscombinations of these complementary goods, but the compatibility is only partial since there is acost associated with use of a foreign ATM, that is, an ATM not owned by the consumer’s bank. There is a sizeable theoretical literature on compatibility in industries with network externalitiesor complementary component s. This literature predicts that incentives for compatibility differacross firms and will be smaller for firms with larger networks, since these firms lose the competitive advantage their network size confers under incompatibility.The effects on consumer surplus should differ depending on the distribution of consumer characteristics and the new price equilibrium that is reached. In turn, the effects of compatibility on price competition depend on a number of factors. In the banking industry, while partial incompatibility achieved through surcharging should theoretically soften price competition in the deposit market by making an increase in deposit. This paper will focus on the types of ATM transactions that can be performed on any ATM within the shared network such as inquiries and cash withdrawals.Executive Summary ATM An automated teller machine (also known as an ATM or Cash Machine), is a computerized device that provides the customers of a financial institution with the ability to perform financial transactions without the need for a human clerk or bank teller. Crime at ATM’s has become a nationwide issue that faces not only customers, but also bank Operators. Security measures at banks can play a critical, contributory role in preventing attacks on customers.These measures are of paramount importance when considering vulnerabilities and causation in civil litigation and banks must meet certain standards in order to ensure a safe and secure banking environment for their customers. The Automated Teller machine is a terminal provided by bank or other financial institutions which enables the customer to withdraw cash to make a balance enquiry, to order a statement, to make a money transfer, or deposit cash. The ATMs are basically self-service banking terminals and are aimed at providing fast and convenient service to customers.Some of the new generations of ATMs are able to cash a check to the penny, dispense Traveller’scheques and postage stam ps, perform stock transfers, print discount coupons, issue phonecards, and even sell concert tickets. Customers are grateful for these ATM features but they are alsovery concerned with ATM crime and safety. Mission Key to Success Company Background 1. Statement of the Problems/Problem Definition/ Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) indicates the development of Information Technology in Banking sector.Two types of ATMs need to be addressed, one of which is the branch ATM, The other being the out of branch ATM. The branches will take care of the ATM located in Their respective branches, while the out of branch ATMs such as those located in department Store will be taken care by cash centers. Each cash center has ATMs under its responsibility. At VIT there are three ATMs out of which two are out of branch ATM() and one is branch ATM(). The major problem faced by these ATMs are the long queue of customers at the peak hours and then at the off peak hours the lack of customer entry.The number of customer are so large that many a times customer waits for more than half an hour to get his turn but at nights the ATMs remain idle that there are no customers to serve . Depending on the current capacity of each ATM, many alternative decisions can be made. Now the work process decision is made by operators. Thus,the problem of ATM facility is significant. In this study, methodology â€Å"Simulating ATMs† is proposed in order to maximize efficiency Of banks to improve their customer’s service and increasing long term relationship with them And also to reduce the congestion at the ATM centre at peak hours.The process will show How much time a customer spends and give suggestion whether a new ATM is required or With the same resources the performance can be improved. This research will support the Banks in terms of decisionmakingfor reducing the waiting time of customers, by solving a Simulation model with the help of queuing theory. The technique of simulation has long been used by the designers and analysis in the physical Sciences and it promises to become an important tool for tackling the complicated problems Of managerial decision making.It is actually imitation of reality and when it is being put into Mathematical form it is called simulation. Generally, the main objective of simulation is to Minimize the managerial problem in terms of decision making and hence helps in reaching Solution with at most accuracy. Also it is comparatively free from mathematical solution, Hence can be easily understood by the operating personal and nontechnical managers. On the other hand queuing model is used to overcome the congestion of the traffic? This traffic Can be of any form.This model mainly used in situation where customers are involved, hence When it is being coupled with simulation it becomes very much conducive to get solution to Solve the problem related to customers. Therefore, these two models are used to understand The situation related to ATM waiting line and to find some alternative to overcome this Problem by suggesting certain alternatives. Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) provide banking services such as withdrawals, deposits, and transfers on a 24 hrs with 7days basis. Due to their convenience they are nowuniversal and are used by a diverse set of users located around the world.Despite this success, however, ATMs still suffer from a variety of problems. Since ATMs are used for banking, security is paramount. Personal banking information is highly sensitive and users are vulnerable while using ATMs. Keypads in particular have been exploited by criminals who have installed small cameras or touch-sensitive overlays, or in some cases have simply observed users as they have keyed in their pins. The physical security of users is also important. ATMs are open late at night but often have limited security.Users may feel anxiety and, in those cases, it is best that they complete their ATM operations as quickly as possibl e. In addition to security concerns, there are a number of known usability issues with current ATMs. For example, users may not know which card they have entered into the machine, and accidental key presses may trigger unintended operations. Similarly, ATM interfaces are often loosely-coupled with underlying functions and allow the users to perform illegal operations, only informing them after the fact of the inability of the system to carry out a given task.A good solution to both the usability and security issues will require further exploration of how ATMs operate. Ultimately, such a solution will include a reformulation of certain key ATM functions and novel technologies such as touch screens and web-based interfaces. 1. 1Problem Statement In most of the ATMs the major problem is waiting of customers in the queue for more Duration. Mainly the objective of ATM for bank is to keep away the customers from coming To bank and make the process easy for them to avoid the basic procedur e they do in bank.But As stated the problem which most ATM face is the long queue in front, but then when the Problem is only for a short while as rest of the time the ATM remains idle means adding to The operating cost. The problem is to determine whether only one machine is required to Fulfill the need or two more machines needed to be installed to give comfort to customer Which is really of short period of time. 1. 2 Problem Significance The cost of the installing an ATM machine accounts for a sizeable part of the total operating Cost of a company.Adding to it is cost of extra security guard who is needed to be placed There. But the customer satisfaction point of it is necessary to incur these expenses as Retaining them is more important, hence these cost are overshadowed by this fact. This Research will provide a robust problem solving technique for the realworld? Make a decision Related to reducing the ATM queuing problem to reduce operating cost. †¢Problem Objective The o verall objective of the research is to develop a model to reduce the waiting time of Customers and the total cost related to ATM installation. Problem Constraints In this research, the researcher has focused on the Problem of waiting of customer in ATMs For long to undergo a simple transaction with the available ATM machine, also to know Whether another machine is required to reduce the traffic at the centers by keeping in mind The cost incurred in installing. Methodology Introduction to simulation and queuing It is the imitation of reality like laboratories in which numbers of experiments are performedon simulated models to determine the behavior of real system in true environments.The example cited above is of simulating the reality in the physical form, and are referred toas analogue simulation. For the complex and intricate problem of managerial decision Making, the analogue simulation may not be practicable, and actual experimentation with thesystem may not be uneconomical. Und er such circumstances, the complex system is Formulated into a mathematical model for which a computer programme is developed, and The problem is solved by using high speed electronic computer, and hence it is named as System simulation. Queuing theory has been applied to a variety of business situations.All situations are relatedto customer involvement. Generally, the customer expects a certain level of service, whereasthe firm provides service facility and tries to keep the costs minimum while proving therequired service. This widely used in manufacturing units. Here it helps in reducing theoverhead charges and the overall cost of manufacturing. Also used to know is the unit arrive, at regular or irregular intervals of time at a given point called the service point. General Analysis of the Project ATMs are used by all modern commercial banks and are found in cities around the world.Modern ATMs already address many human interaction concerns, but still suffer from a number of usabi lity and other issues. The following are seven important aspects to consider when attempting improving ATM interfaces: Security Issue ATMs act as electronic tellers, and security is always an important concern for users. Major security issues are already addressed in the modern ATM design. A password, or PIN number, is used to protect the information. After decades of use, ATMs have proven the effectiveness of this security policy.However, this approach may not be sufficient in the future. Mugging and PIN theft should be addressed in a new ATM system. Mature biometric technology may be a good candidate to provide additional security. Besides password protection, modern ATMs also include ‘card eating’ features to provide customers with more security. However, instead of increasing customer security, this feature can in fact cause problems for authorized users due to misunderstanding or carelessness. This feature should be reviewed as part of a user-centered design proces s. FunctionalityATMs handle as many traditional teller operations as possible. Traditional ATMs implement most basic daily banking functions, such as deposit, withdrawals and balance checking. These functions are designed based on the performance limitations of computing and networking, which have changed rapidly over the course of the last few years. These limited functions may not be satisfactory by modern standards. The next-generation ATM should support the following features if possible: †¢ Money transfer: transfer money from one bank account to another person’s bank account. Bill Payment: automatically pay bills. Although a valid feature is provided in internet banking right now, ideally ATMs would still provide these functions for users without internet access. †¢ Other Electronic Finance Tools: Good examples could be electronic bank notes or electronic bank travel cheques. Usability Unlike some other electronic devices, ATMs should be useful to a wide-range of users and those users should be able to use the system with limited or no assistance. This aspect is critical to the new ATM design.Although these issues are already taken into consideration in the current ATM designs, evaluation may reveal that there is room for improvement in current systems. Theoretically, it is also possible that there is no perfect design once we review the usability requirements. We may have to provide a compromised solution to suit the majority. The following are some typical user stories for review: †¢ ATMs currently allow users to insert different cards but do not display visual cues to identify which card was inserted. A displayed image would provide good feedback to prohibit accidental operations using the wrong card. The current key layouts, especially the function keys, are slightly different between different ATMs. A new standard high-resolution touch-screen would be preferable. †¢ Not all current ATMs can support multiple-languages. Consi dering growing international trade and communication, multiple language support would be a very important feature. †¢ The current deposit and withdrawal functions also need to be improved. For example, the standard process for putting multiple cheques into ATMs is confusing, and the ATM withdrawal function does not support bill selection based on the customer’s request. The new ATM should allow the user to easily access money across the world. Efficiency ATMs must be both easy to use and fast. The more time a user spends at an ATM, the more inconvenienced the user feels. Wait times also increase for other users. Clearly, this is an important issue to consider when designing an ATM system. Accessibility As ATMs are physical machines, their design must take accessibility concerns into account. Some good accessibility features can be found in current ATM design. For example, the ATM keyboard includes Braille support for the blind. Current ATM design does not do a good job o f protecting people from others peeking from behind. †¢ The fixed height of ATMs can be inconvenient for some users. Threat & Affect ATMs should be attractive. Potentially, good looking ATMs could attract new users and make existing users more comfortable. For example, relaxing background music could relieve user anxiety during complex operations. There are three basic types of ATM attacks: †¢ Attempts to steal a customer‘s bank card information; †¢ Computer and Network attacks against ATM‘s to gather bank card information; †¢ Physical attacks against the ATM.THEFT OF CUSTOMER‘S BANK CARD INFORMATION †¢Card Skimming †¢Fake ATM machines †¢Card Trapping/Card Swapping †¢Distraction theft or ‘manual’ skimming †¢Shoulder Surfing †¢Leaving transaction ‘Live’ †¢Cash trapping COMPUTER AND NETWORK ATTACKS †¢Network attacks against ATMs †¢Viruses and malicious software †¢Phishing †¢PIN cash-out attacks †¢Utilizing a Fake PIN pad overlay †¢PIN Interception PHYSICAL ATM ATTACKS †¢Ram Raid Attacks †¢Theft of ATMs †¢Smash and Grab of ATMs †¢Safe cutting/Safe Breaking †¢Explosive Attacks Scope of the Project We should evaluate whether or not the ATM is helping to extend banking services.By mixing the web/mobile preauthorization transaction service with the traditional 24 hours with 7 days ATM service, service time can be improved and wait times reduced. Proposed Improvements Our initial meeting yielded many ideas for new ATM technologies that have the potential to improve user experience. We considered mobile phone interfaces, voice interfaces, refinements of physical button interfaces, high resolution touch screen interfaces, biometric identification techniques (finger print or retinal scan), and a web interface for pre-specifying ATM transactions.After a brief discussion of each of these ideas, we decided to talk in depth about the final three. The use of an advanced high resolution touch screen would not solve any problems in itself. but would allow for a more sophisticated user interface. The potential for increased screen space and detail could help address the need for a more intuitive layout, the issue of restricting input to acceptable dollar amounts, and multi-language support. It might also allow ATMs to perform some actions that are not currently possible such as displaying the customer's preferred name for each account and facilitating transfers to third party accounts.An advanced display could also be designed to restrict the viewing angle so that private information is less visible to malicious onlookers. One final advantage of a high resolution display is that it would allow for much more attention to aesthetics, and as Donald Norman tells us, â€Å"attractive things work better. † The main disadvantage of using a touch screen is that it may confuse users, and providing accessibi lity for the blind is more difficult than in cases where Braille codes can simply be added to keypads.The use of biometrics for identification would yield many benefits. The most obvious benefit of biometric technology is that it would increase the security of bank accounts, as a finger print is much harder to steal than a PIN. If the use of a finger print could eliminate the need for an ATM card entirely, it could drastically reduce time spent at the ATM, and it would eliminate the problem of inserting the wrong card. The idea we spent the most time on is a web interface to allow users to pre-specify ATM transactions.The general idea is that the customer can access the bank's website from a PC or mobile phone to input the operations that will be done at the ATM. For example, a user could specify that she wants to withdraw 360 ETB from her chequing account and 220 ETB from her savings account. She also has three cheques to deposit for 250. 35 ETB, 298. 70 ETB, and 329. 11ETB. She wa nts 100 ETB of the deposit to go into her son’s account and the rest to go to her retirement account.When the user arrives at the ATM and identifies herself with a card and PIN or a fingerprint, the machine will display the options she selected earlier and ask if that is still what she wants to do. After selecting â€Å"yes,† she simply inserts the cheques into the machine and removes her cash. While the benefits of this idea may not be immediately apparent, and may not be significant for simple ATM usage, it has the potential to drastically improve the user experience under some circumstances. In the previous example, the user needed to perform many transactions with somewhat nusual amounts of money. If this were to be done at a standard ATM, it could take a very long time to navigate through the interface for each individual transaction. During this time, any number of distractions could occur, including a line of angry customers amassing behind the user or the user' s child suddenly beginning to cry. Under these circumstances, it would be easy for the user to enter an incorrect amount or even to forget one of the transactions completely. However, with the web site, all of the decisions would be made in the comfortable environment of the user's home or office.Besides helping the user to ensure that all transactions are executed properly, this web interface could cut down greatly on lines at ATMs, increasing customer satisfaction and physical security. Another scenario where this could be useful is for outdoor ATMs in bad weather. If the user drives to the ATM and then realizes that being outside would be unpleasant, she could access the web site through her mobile phone to pre set the transactions and minimize time spent outdoors. Such a radical departure from present ATM interactions is certainly not without drawbacks.One of the main issues is that not everybody has web access, especially through their mobile phones. The ATM would definitely ne ed to have a standard user interface in addition to web capabilities. The web site would also introduce security concerns with password attacks and network communication to the ATMs. Hopefully these problems have already been solved in the current implementation of online banking. Finally, as with any UI, poor design could cause this idea to become frustrating and useless. These preliminary ideas have been developed based on initial meetings and brainstorming.Further research and information gathering will lead to the refinement of our proposed system changes, and an iterative design process will allow us to develop a prototype of a highly improved, secure, accessible, and intuitive ATM system and extended web-based interface. Conclusion (Expected Output from the Project) The main purpose of this study is to develop an efficient procedure for ATM queuing Problem, which can be daily used by banks to reduce the waiting time of customers in the System. The queuing characteristics of cu stomers were observed and the researcher compared The process of customer behavior of different ATM services at VIT.It is concluded that the ATM service should introduce in men’s hostel (around ? thstudents strength stay in hostel) Will facilitate pulling more customers towards ATM service. The researcher suggested that the SBI can install a new ATM machine in men’s hostel in spite of high installation cost and thereby reduce the customer cost and service cost for attaining benefit in the long run. This will be helpful for commercial bank to sustain more potential customers in high competitive situations with other private banks.ATM provides financial services to an increasing segment of the population in many countries. Fingerprint scanning, continues to gain acceptance as a reliable identification and verification processes. This paper identifies a model for the modification of existing ATM systems to economically incorporate fingerprint scanning; and, outlines the a dvantages of using such system. It should be noted that the customers perception cannot be generalized as it was highly affected by the tradition/ culture of the user involves. Recommendation for Further StudySeveral aspects of waiting problem for the ATM that remained unsolved in this study will Form interesting topics for further study. The following recommendations are made for Further studies: It is observed that if a person is not well versed with ATM takes more time which is not Considered. Also many customers stand in the queue and leave which can be put into the consideration. †¢ The time the workers take to feed the ATM with currency is not considered. †¢ Out of stock situation can be considered. †¢ On holidays mostly after exams the utility of ATM to be considered.The main limitation of the research due to time constraint it is observed with minimum sample, if sample size would have increased, the result obtained by both in simulation and queuing will coinci de. This study would not consider waiting cost and service cost due to non availability of original information. For future research, this study can be extended by considering the cost factors to find out the best ATM facility. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to acknowledge ________________University and Wegagen Bank, Addis Ababa Ethiopia for their support in providing the various facilities utilized in the presentation of this paper.